en <span style=font-size:11pt><span style=font-family:Microsoft Sans Serif,sans-serif><b><span lang=EN-ID style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif><span style=color:#4f81bd>Aims:</span></span></span></b><span lang=EN-ID style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif> Leptospirosis constitutes a significant zoonotic disease with substantial global distribution, particularly affecting tropical and subtropical regions. Despite extensive documentation of its burden, significant knowledge deficits persist regarding localized transmission determinants, particularly concerning the relative contributions of individual versus environmental risk factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between individual factors (gender, occupation, education) and biotic environmental parameters (flood history, drainage conditions, waste disposal conditions) with leptospirosis incidence in the working area of Kasihan II Bantul Public Health Center during 2022-2023.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style=font-size:11pt><span style=font-family:Microsoft Sans Serif,sans-serif><b><span lang=EN-ID style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif><span style=color:#4f81bd>Instrument & Methods:</span></span></span></b><span lang=EN-ID style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif> This observational analytical study with a retrospective case-control design was implemented on 34 participants, comprising 17 laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis cases and 17 community-matched controls from the same catchment area. Data collection employed structured questionnaires assessing sociodemographic parameters, occupational exposures, and environmental conditions. The analysis utilized chi-square tests to evaluate associations between independent parameters and leptospirosis status, with odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals calculated to quantify the magnitude of risk.</span></span></span></span><br> <span style=font-size:11pt><span style=font-family:Microsoft Sans Serif,sans-serif><b><span lang=EN-ID style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif><span style=color:#4f81bd>Findings:</span></span></span></b><span lang=EN-ID style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif> Significant associations were identified between leptospirosis and male gender (OR=5.760, 95% CI: 1.317-25.187) and high-risk occupations (OR=6.667, 95% CI: 1.377-32.278). Educational attainment and environmental parameters, including flood history, drainage conditions, and waste disposal infrastructure, demonstrated non-significant associations despite elevated risk estimates. Demographic analysis revealed a predominance of middle-aged and older adults (64.8% aged 46-65 years), with a balanced gender distribution and a high prevalence of lower educational attainment (91.2%).</span></span></span></span><br> <span style=font-size:11pt><span style=font-family:Microsoft Sans Serif,sans-serif><b><span lang=EN-ID style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif><span style=color:#4f81bd>Conclusion:</span></span></span></b> <span lang=EN-ID style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif>In the Kasihan II Bantul catchment area, the significant determinants of leptospirosis transmission are male gender and high-risk occupational exposure, while educational status and environmental factors are non-significant determinants.</span></span></span></span><br> Leptospirosis,Indonesia,Zoonotic Disease,Risk Factors,Public Health, 195 204 http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-88013-1&slc_lang=en&sid=4 Yuni Istanti 1003194753284600359835 1003194753284600359835 No Department of Public Health, STIKES Surya Global, Yogyakarta, Indonesia H. Adnani 1003194753284600359836 1003194753284600359836 Yes Department of Public Health, STIKES Surya Global, Yogyakarta, Indonesia