en Original Research <span style=font-size:11pt><span style=line-height:normal><span style=font-family:Calibri,sans-serif><b><span style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif><span style=color:#4f81bd>Aims:</span></span></span></b><span style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif> Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among pediatric patients. Current research indicates that efforts to prevent diabetes in children and teenagers have not been successful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with diabetes among children and adolescents.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style=font-size:11pt><span style=line-height:normal><span style=font-family:Calibri,sans-serif><b><span style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif><span style=color:#4f81bd>Information & Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif> This systematic review was conducted through literature searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Medline databases. The search filter incorporated terms such as diabetes mellitus, T1DM, T2DM, child, and adolescent.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style=font-size:11pt><span style=line-height:normal><span style=font-family:Calibri,sans-serif><b><span style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif><span style=color:#4f81bd>Findings: </span></span></span></b><span style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif>The initial database search retrieved 9,949 articles. Ultimately, only 15 studies met the criteria and proceeded to the next stage for extraction and analysis. Based on the analysis of the eligible studies, various risk factors for the incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents were identified and categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Non-modifiable factors included family history of diabetes, ethnicity, gender, and age. Additionally, maternal pregnancy and unmarried parents were found to contribute to the incidence of diabetes in children. Modifiable risk factors included obesity, sedentary behavior, physical activity, smoking history, and diet.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style=font-size:11pt><span style=line-height:normal><span style=font-family:Calibri,sans-serif><b><span style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif><span style=color:#4f81bd>Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style=font-size:10.0pt><span style=font-family:Cambria,serif> Family history of diabetes mellitus and obesity are the main risk factors for diabetes. There is a significant relationship between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.</span></span></span></span></span> Diabetes Mellitus,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2,Child,Adolescent,Obesity, 281 290 http://hehp.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-79910-1&slc_lang=en&sid=4 S. Suharti 1003194753284600332526 0000000247627447 Yes Nursing Department, Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia D. Daryono 1003194753284600332527 0000000301673664 No Nursing Department, Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia Mursidah Dewi 1003194753284600332528 0000000283229585 No Nursing Department, Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia D. Masyitah 1003194753284600332529 0000000243601581 No Nursing Department, Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia